MEF Menu
Middle East ForumSupport MEF

Middle East Forum Iran Accountability Project

The Iran Ledger

A public accountability record of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Data as of

Menu
Granite columns under the carved words United States Court House
⁠Photo: ESB Professional/Shutterstock

Section 03 Iran's Long Arm

41 People Charged in 14 U.S. and British Cases Tied to Iran since 2011; 20 Are at Large

Since 2011, American and British prosecutors have charged 41 people in 14 cases tied to Iran: plots to kill, kidnap, attack, spy on or hack dissidents, journalists, officials and others in the West. Each case links to its charging papers and shows what happened to every defendant, including the 20 who are still at large.

Convicted
11
Charged, no verdict
10
At large
20

3 plots named by European governments, uncharged 

20 Defendants Remain at Large

Of the 20, the FBI lists 16 as wanted, 14 of them with a photograph; prosecutors name the other 4 as at large. Each status links to its source.

At large, no FBI photograph published

Every Charged Case, 2011 to 2026

Each line is one case, from the first charge to the last outcome. The squares at right are its defendants.

First chargePlea or verdictOpen to today People:ConvictedCharged, no verdictAt large

A dotted line runs to today while anyone in the case is at large or untried; a closed case ends at its last outcome. The shaded years, 2011 to 2021, are drawn narrower; 10 of 14 cases start in 2022 or later.

Sources: Justice Department and Crown Prosecution Service releases, court filings, FBI wanted notices.

Case by Case, Newest First

What each plot was, who was charged, and how the government itself describes Iran's role.

2026 · United States · Attacks and attempted attacks

Kata'ib Hizballah Commander Charged over Attacks in Europe and the U.S.

1 charged, 0 convicted, 0 at large

An Iraqi commander of Kata'ib Hizballah was charged with directing nearly 20 attacks and attempted attacks in Europe and the United States, including on Jewish and U.S. targets.

“his activities as an operative of Kata’ib Hizballah and Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)”

U.S. Department of Justice Iraqi National Arrested and Charged with Providing Material Support to Iranian-Backed Terrorist Organizations and Directing Attacks Targeting U.S. Citizens and Interests, press release, May 15, 2026, para. 1, justice.gov.

Documents, charges and outcome

2026 · United Kingdom · Surveillance

Reconnaissance of Targets in London

2 charged, 0 convicted, 0 at large

Two men were charged under the National Security Act with gathering information and reconnaissance of targets in the U.K. The CPS said the country the charge relates to is Iran.

“The country to which the charge relates is Iran.”

Crown Prosecution Service Two men charged with National Security Act offence, press release, March 18, 2026, para. 2, cps.gov.uk.

Documents, charges and outcome

2025 · United Kingdom · Surveillance

Surveillance of Journalists for Serious Violence in London

3 charged, 0 convicted, 0 at large

Three Iranian nationals were charged under the National Security Act with surveillance meant to enable serious violence against a person in the U.K. The Home Secretary told Parliament the foreign state is Iran.

“The foreign state to which these charges relate is Iran”

UK Home Office National security update, statement to Parliament, May 19, 2025, para. 5, gov.uk.

Documents, charges and outcome

2024 · United Kingdom · Knife attack

Stabbing of an Iran International Presenter in Wimbledon

2 charged, 2 convicted, 0 at large

Two Romanian men were charged with stabbing a presenter for Iran International outside his London home in March 2024. A jury convicted both in June 2026.

“it was the prosecution’s case during the trial that it was carried out on behalf of the Iranian regime”

Counter Terrorism Policing Two men convicted of attack on Iran International journalist, press release, June 5, 2026, para. 3, counterterrorism.police.uk.

Documents, charges and outcome

2024 · United States · Murder-for-hire plot

IRGC Asset and Two New York Men in a Plot on the Same Journalist

3 charged, 2 convicted, 1 at large

A man in Iran was charged with hiring two New York men to stalk and kill the journalist; the complaint also says he was tasked with planning to kill the then President-elect. Both New York men pleaded guilty.

“on instructions from high-ranking members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)”

U.S. Department of Justice Brooklyn Man Sentenced to 15 Years in Prison for Murder-for-Hire Plot and Stalking a Journalist and Prominent Critic of the Iranian Government, press release, January 28, 2026, para. 6, justice.gov.

Documents, charges and outcome

2024 · United States · Computer intrusion

Hacking of U.S. Officials and a Presidential Campaign

3 charged, 0 convicted, 3 at large

Three IRGC employees were charged with breaking into accounts of current and former U.S. officials and campaign staff, and leaking stolen campaign material.

“Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) employees”

U.S. Department of Justice Three IRGC Cyber Actors Indicted for ‘Hack-and-Leak’ Operation Designed to Influence the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election, press release, September 27, 2024, para. 2, justice.gov.

Documents, charges and outcome

2024 · United States · Murder-for-hire plot

Plot to Hire Killers for U.S. Politicians

1 charged, 1 convicted, 0 at large

A Pakistani man was charged with traveling to New York to hire hitmen for a politician or U.S. officials; the hitmen were undercover officers. A jury convicted him in March 2026.

“Merchant was a trained operative of the Iranian government’s global terrorist force, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).”

U.S. Department of Justice Iranian Intelligence Agent Convicted of Terrorism and Murder for Hire in Connection with Foiled Plot to Assassinate U.S. Politicians and Government Officials, press release, March 6, 2026, para. 1, justice.gov.

Documents, charges and outcome

Rows of rolled one-hundred-dollar bills laid out on a wooden table
The $5,000 in cash that, prosecutors say, Asif Merchant handed to undercover officers in Manhattan on or about June 21, 2024, as an advance payment for the plot. ⁠Photo: FBI, in the complaint, United States v. Merchant, E.D.N.Y. 24-mj-467, para. 30, p. 12.

2024 · United States · Murder-for-hire plot

Murder-for-Hire Plot against a Defector in Maryland

3 charged, 0 convicted, 1 at large

A man in Iran and two Canadians were charged with arranging killers for two Maryland residents, one a defector from Iran. The indictment does not name an Iranian agency; Treasury, the same day, said his network works for Iran's intelligence ministry.

“operates at the behest of Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS)”

U.S. Department of the Treasury U.S. Department of the Treasury, press release, January 29, 2024, para. 1, home.treasury.gov.

The charging release names no Iranian agency; the agency language comes from the Treasury designation.

Documents, charges and outcome

2023 · United States · Murder-for-hire plot

Murder-for-Hire Plot against a Brooklyn Journalist

8 charged, 2 convicted, 4 at large

Members of an Eastern European crime group were charged with being paid to kill the same journalist; one was arrested near her home with an assault rifle. A 2024 superseding indictment added an IRGC brigadier general and three others in Iran.

“on instructions from high-ranking members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)”

U.S. Department of Justice Two Eastern European Organized Crime Leaders Convicted of Murder for Hire Targeting U.S.-Based Journalist on Behalf of Iranian Government, press release, March 21, 2025, para. 5, justice.gov.

Documents, charges and outcome

2022 · United States · Murder-for-hire plot

Plot to Kill a Former National Security Adviser

1 charged, 0 convicted, 1 at large

A member of the IRGC was charged with offering $300,000 to people in the United States to kill a former national security adviser. The man he recruited was an FBI source.

“Poursafi, working on behalf of the IRGC-QF, attempted to pay individuals in the United States $300,000”

U.S. Department of Justice Member of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Charged with Plot to Murder the Former National Security Advisor, press release, August 10, 2022, para. 2, justice.gov.

Documents, charges and outcome

2021 · United States · Kidnapping plot

Plot to Kidnap a Brooklyn Journalist to Iran

5 charged, 1 convicted, 4 at large

Four men in Iran were charged with planning to seize a U.S. journalist in Brooklyn and take her to Iran, after hiring private investigators to watch her home. A fifth defendant in California was convicted of sanctions charges, not of the kidnapping conspiracy.

“Farahani is an Iranian intelligence official who resides in Iran”

U.S. Department of Justice Iranian Intelligence Officials Indicted on Kidnapping Conspiracy Charges, press release, July 13, 2021, para. 6, justice.gov.

Documents, charges and outcome

2019 · United States · Computer intrusion

Defector and Hackers Who Targeted U.S. Intelligence Officers

5 charged, 0 convicted, 5 at large

A former U.S. counterintelligence agent who moved to Iran was charged with helping Iranian services target former colleagues; four Iranians were charged with the hacking attempts that followed.

“working on behalf of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)”

U.S. Department of Justice Former U.S. Counterintelligence Agent Charged With Espionage on Behalf of Iran; Four Iranians Charged With a Cyber Campaign Targeting Her Former Colleagues, press release, February 13, 2019, para. 2, justice.gov.

Documents, charges and outcome

2018 · United States · Surveillance

Surveillance of a Jewish Center and MEK Rallies

2 charged, 2 convicted, 0 at large

Two men were charged with photographing a Jewish institution in Chicago and identifying people at MEK rallies, for handlers in Iran. Both pleaded guilty.

“allegedly acting on behalf of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran”

U.S. Department of Justice Two Individuals Charged for Acting as Illegal Agents of the Government of Iran, press release, August 20, 2018, para. 1, justice.gov.

Documents, charges and outcome

2011 · United States · Assassination plot

Plot to Kill the Saudi Ambassador in Washington

2 charged, 1 convicted, 1 at large

Prosecutors charged that a naturalized U.S. citizen arranged, with officers in Iran, to hire a cartel hitman to bomb the Saudi ambassador. The hitman was a DEA source.

“a plot directed by elements of the Iranian government”

U.S. Department of Justice Two Men Charged in Alleged Plot to Assassinate Saudi Arabian Ambassador to the United States, press release, October 11, 2011, para. 1, justice.gov.

Documents, charges and outcome

3 Plots Named by European Governments, with No Charge in a U.S. or British Court

These stand apart from the figures above. A government statement is not a charge, and nobody here is named as a suspect.

2015 · Almere, Netherlands

Killing of an Iranian-Born Dutch National in Almere

“The AIVD has strong indications of Iran’s involvement in the assassinations of two Dutch nationals of Iranian origins in Almere (2015) and The Hague (2017).”

AIVD (Netherlands) Iran likely involved in assassinations in the Netherlands, statement, January 8, 2019, para. 1, aivd.nl.

2017 · The Hague, Netherlands

Killing of an Iranian-Born Dutch National in The Hague

“The AIVD has strong indications of Iran’s involvement in the assassinations of two Dutch nationals of Iranian origins in Almere (2015) and The Hague (2017).”

AIVD (Netherlands) Iran likely involved in assassinations in the Netherlands, statement, January 8, 2019, para. 1, aivd.nl.

2018 · Denmark

Foiled Assassination Plot in Denmark

“the recent foiled assassination plot in Denmark by an Iranian intelligence agency”

Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Statement by the Nordic foreign ministers on Iran, statement, October 31, 2018, para. 2, via.ritzau.dk.